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Markets and Economy
When doves yell: Fed loudly signals a September rate cut
Minutes from the July FOMC meeting were surprisingly dovish, and Federal Reserve Chair Jay Powell suggested a likely policy shift in comments from Jackson Hole.
President Joe Biden’s late withdrawal from the presidential race creates a number of significant unknowns.
While few expect a rate cut at next week’s meeting, probabilities could increase after Friday’s Personal Consumption Expenditures report.
I’m watching earnings season for signs that market performance may be broadening from the domination of the “Magnificent 7” stocks.
Media coverage of the US presidential election reached a fever pitch over the weekend with President Joe Biden’s announcement that he would withdraw from the race. I expect this late-in-the-race turmoil to ramp up short-term market volatility — but I’m also staying focused on next week’s Federal Reserve (Fed) meeting, as I believe the Fed matters a lot more to markets. And I’m watching the results of earnings season for signs that market performance may be broadening from the domination of the “Magnificent 7” stocks.
Before we explore the market implications of Biden’s decision, I think it’s important to note that this is not the first time that an incumbent president has decided not to pursue another term. In the twentieth century, it has happened three times: Calvin Coolidge, Harry S Truman, and Lyndon B. Johnson all decided not to seek reelection. However, what’s different today is the timing; an incumbent has never withdrawn from the presidential race so close to the election. Coolidge decided not to seek reelection in August 1927, more than a year in advance of Election Day, while both Truman and Johnson made their decisions in March of the presidential election year — a good four months ahead of when Biden withdrew from the race.
In other words, a withdrawal in late July is very unusual and creates many unknowns. It limits the ability of the Democratic Party to decide upon a new ticket (since primary season has already ended) and it dramatically shortens the amount of time that the new ticket has to campaign before voters go to the polls. In addition, it could open the new ticket to legal challenges to appear on the ballot in some states (although most legal experts believe any legal challenges will not succeed).
So who’s likely to be on the Democratic ticket? Support seems to have coalesced around Vice President Kamala Harris to be the presidential nominee. It’s worth noting that she has seen a significant inflow in donations in the 24 hours following Biden’s announcement, after they dried up in the weeks following Biden’s debate performance. Plus, Biden has given her his endorsement. So it seems likely she will be at the top of the ticket.
The vice president pick is also critical. Democrats need to win over independent voters, who likely view Harris as farther to the left than Biden, so they need a VP nominee who appeals to independents. An “out-of-the-box“ VP pick such as billionaire businessman Mark Cuban, an independent and fiscal conservative whose name has started to come up in these conversations, would not only appeal to independents but would inject far more excitement into the election season, suggesting it’s not just politics as usual. It would also focus attention on important issues like the growing national debt. However, that seems rather unlikely at this juncture; it’s far more likely that Harris will choose a more moderate governor, likely from a swing state. I will be eager to see what the ticket will ultimately look like.
So what are the market implications at this point in time?
The media focus on the presidential election is taking our attention away from what I believe matters a lot more to markets — the Federal Reserve. A number of different Federal Open Market Committee participants have said in recent weeks that the Fed is getting closer to feeling confident about starting rate cuts. Just last week, Fed Governor Christopher Waller shared that the Fed is “getting closer to the time when a cut in the policy rate is warranted.”4
While few expect a rate cut at the Fed’s meeting next week on July 30 and July 31, probabilities could increase following the release of the upcoming Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) report on Friday. While still very unlikely, I think the Fed would be more likely to cut in July if it sees signs of greater deterioration in the economy, especially in the labor market. One other impetus could be growing uncertainty that leads to a drop in spending. The Federal Reserve Beige Book released last week indicated expectations were for slower growth in the coming six months because of uncertainty around the upcoming election, domestic policy, geopolitical conflict, and inflation.
In Fed Governor Adriana Kugler’s speech last week, she articulated the importance of using private sector data to complement official government data in gauging the state of the economy and inflation because it offers greater timeliness and higher frequencies. She explained, “When we look at economic turning points, it is also important to consider reports on expectations and anticipated outcomes from nongovernment sources. Those include surveys of expectations of future inflation, anticipated hiring or layoffs, and consumer and business sentiment on the economy or the path of the economy.”5 In discussing recent data, she downplayed official statistics on housing costs because they are not timely (more recent private sector housing data shows costs have fallen).
I appreciate Fed Governor Kugler’s interest in looking at a variety of sources of information, including private ones, about the state of the economy. I certainly look to earnings reports for information about the health of the economy. One company that I view as a bellwether of consumer health, Synchrony Financial, reported earnings last week. It shared that its consumer delinquency rates had risen materially but that there was a significant difference between higher-income consumers and lower-income consumers with the latter feeling economic pressure. This confirms my general view that no alarm bells are ringing yet but cracks are starting to form in the US economy, and the Fed needs to act sooner rather than later.
In short, all signs point to a Fed that will cut before the end of the third quarter.
Speaking of earnings, as of Friday, 14% of S&P 500 companies had reported actual results for the fourth quarter. Of those companies, 80% beat earnings expectations while 62% beat revenue expectations.6
The blended earnings growth rate for the second quarter is expected to be 9.7% year over year; however, four “Magnificent 7” companies are responsible for a significant portion of that earnings growth. If you were to remove those four companies from the analysis, the expected earnings growth rate would be 5.7% year over year.6
What I want to see is a broadening in participation when it comes to earnings growth — that would make this rotation sustainable, in my view. The good news is that current analyst estimates anticipate double-digit earnings growth for the other 496 S&P 500 companies beginning in the fourth quarter.6
China’s Third Plenum, a seminal event typically held every five years, ended last week. And with it came a message that China is focused on embracing technological innovation and increasing reforms. In addition, the People’s Bank of China has lowered its short-term policy rate for the first time since last summer. The cut was 10 basis points, but it indicates policymakers’ willingness to support the Chinese economy. I view these developments as tailwinds for Chinese equities.
The most important data release next week will be the US PCE Price Index. Core PCE is the Fed’s preferred inflation gauge, and there are market whispers that it will come in softer than expected. If this were to happen, it’s likely to further support smaller-cap and cyclical stocks and marginally weaken the US dollar.
Also this week, the Bank of Canada (BOC) will meet. Recall the BOC had already begun rate cuts in June. However, I expect it will likely cut again this week as a higher unemployment rate and another decline in consumer discretionary spending indicates that the economy is weakening.
Date |
Event |
What it tells us |
July 22 |
China Prime Rate
|
Serves as a benchmark rate for loans |
July 23 |
US Existing Home Sales |
Indicates the health of the housing market |
|
Eurozone Consumer Confidence (flash)
|
Provides an early indication of consumer sentiment in the eurozone |
July 24 |
Japan Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (flash)
|
Provides an early indication of the economic health of the manufacturing sector |
|
Eurozone Manufacturing and Service Purchasing Managers Indexes (flash)
|
Provides an early indication of the economic health of the manufacturing and service sectors |
|
UK Manufacturing and Service Purchasing Managers Index (flash) |
Provides an early indication of the economic health of the manufacturing and service sectors |
|
US Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (flash)
|
Provides an early indication of the economic health of the manufacturing sector |
|
Bank of Canada Monetary Policy Decision
|
Reveals the path of interest rates |
|
US New Home Sales
|
Indicates the health of the housing market |
July 25 |
US Durable Goods |
Tracks the value of new orders for long-lasting manufactured goods |
|
Germany Ifo Business Climate |
Serves as an indicator of economic developments in Germany |
|
US Gross Domestic Product (advance) |
Measures a region’s economic activity |
July 26 |
Japan Leading Index |
Provides an early indication of the health of the economy |
|
US Personal Consumption Expenditures Price Index |
Tracks the path of inflation. |
|
US Personal Spending
|
Measures the change in the inflation-adjusted value of all spending by consumers. |
|
US Personal Income
|
Measures the income that people get from wages and salaries, Social Security and other government benefits, dividends and interest, business ownership, and other sources. |
|
University of Michigan Survey of Consumers
|
Assesses US consumer sentiment and inflation expectations |
Source: Bloomberg. The VIX was 12.46 on July 12 but rose to 16.52 on July 19. VIX is the ticker symbol for the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) Volatility Index, which shows the market’s expectation of 30-day volatility.
Source: Bloomberg, as of July 19, 2024 for both the yield curve and bitcoin prices.
Note: The yield curve plots interest rates of bonds having equal credit quality but differing maturity dates. A steepening yield curve is one in which the difference between short-term and long-term rates increases. That can be caused by short-term rates falling more or long-term rates rising more – or a combination of the two. Short-term rates typically fall by more than long-term rates when markets anticipate Fed rate cuts. Rising long-term rates can indicate concerns about higher debt levels and/or higher inflation.
Source: Federal Reserve, speech by Fed Governor Christopher Waller, July 17, 2024
Source: Federal Reserve, speech by Fed Governor Adriana Kugler, July 16, 2024
Source: FactSet Earnings Insight, July 19, 2024.
When doves yell: Fed loudly signals a September rate cut
Minutes from the July FOMC meeting were surprisingly dovish, and Federal Reserve Chair Jay Powell suggested a likely policy shift in comments from Jackson Hole.
Reversal of fortune
After the sharp decline bottomed on August 5, new data drove a strong US and global stock rally for one of the best weeks this year. We still believe the US will avoid a recession.
Why the recent market correction may have been an overreaction
Last week saw a big market sell-off that significantly reversed itself, suggesting the happiest investors may be those who ignored it all.
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Personal consumption expenditures (PCE), or the PCE Index, measures price changes in consumer goods and services. Core PCE excludes food and energy prices.
The Magnificent Seven stocks refer to Amazon, Apple, Alphabet, Meta, Microsoft, Nvidia, and Tesla.
The yield curve plots interest rates, at a set point in time, of bonds having equal credit quality but differing maturity dates to project future interest rate changes and economic activity.
If the yield curve steepens, this means that the difference between long- and short-term interest rates increases.
The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) is a committee of the Federal Reserve Board that meets regularly to set monetary policy, including the interest rates that are charged to banks.
The Federal Reserve Beige Book is a summary of anecdotal information on current economic conditions in each of the Fed’s 12 districts.
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