As the financial landscape continues to evolve, investors are constantly seeking new opportunities that may diversify their portfolios and generate attractive returns. One such investment that has gained significant attention in recent years is Collateralised Loan Obligations (CLOs). CLOs may offer a unique and compelling investment proposition, providing exposure to the dynamic and often resilient leveraged loan market. This article aims to provide an introduction of CLOs, explore their key features, potential benefits, and the factors that make them a compelling investment option. Read the entire overview in Understanding CLOs in Today’s Dynamic Financial Landscape.
Leveraged loans are loans secured by a first or second lien on the assets of an issuer, rated BB+/Ba1 or lower, and typically floating rate. These loans are often used as a funding source in mergers and acquisitions (M&A) and leveraged buyouts by private equity sponsors. Unlike high yield bonds, leveraged loans are not considered “securities” and are not SEC registered. Initially structured by a bank or group of banks, these loans are syndicated to a group of lenders in the primary market and subsequently traded in the secondary market. Leveraged loans comprise the majority of CLO collateral.
A CLO is a special purpose vehicle (SPV) securitised by a pool of assets, including senior secured leveraged loans and bonds. It collects interest and principal distributions from the pool of assets – typically 200-400 unique borrowers – and governs the distribution of these collections based on a waterfall clearly outlined within the CLO indenture.
Before issuance, the CLO vehicle is capitalised via the sale of debt tranches and equity. Once issued, a CLO portfolio is actively managed by a CLO manager who selects the initial pool of assets and may trade in and out of the assets over a typical four-to-five-year investment period. After two years, CLO debt tranches are typically callable. CLO managers receive a fee in exchange for their active management of the portfolio.
Coupon and principal payments collected on the underlying assets (loans) are used to make coupon and principal payments on the CLO’s liabilities (CLO notes). Payments first flow to the highest rated debt tranche of the CLO structure and continue to the lowest rated debt tranche. Thereafter, the residual cash flows are distributed to the equity. This is referred to as the “cash flow waterfall”. CLOs are structured to capture the spread, or arbitrage, between the interest income received from the underlying loans and the interest paid out to the CLO note holders.
CLOs offer several potential benefits to investors. Firstly, they provide exposure to the leveraged loan market, which has historically shown resilience and attractive risk-adjusted returns. Secondly, the active management of CLO portfolios allows for dynamic adjustments to changing market conditions, potentially enhancing returns. Additionally, the structured nature of CLOs, with their tiered tranches, allows investors to choose the level of risk and return that aligns with their investment objectives.
However, it is important for investors to understand the complexities and risks associated with CLOs. The performance of CLOs can be influenced by various factors, including the credit quality of the underlying loans, market liquidity, and economic conditions. Therefore, CLOs are typically suited for professional clients, qualified clients, and sophisticated investors who have the expertise to evaluate these factors.
CLOs offer a distinctive investment opportunity by providing access to the leveraged loan market. With active management and structured cash flow distribution, CLOs can be an attractive option for sophisticated investors looking to diversify their portfolios and achieve appealing returns. As with any investment, it is crucial for investors to conduct thorough due diligence and understand the associated risks before investing in CLOs.
For more detailed information, please refer to Understanding CLOs in Today's Dynamic Financial Landscape.
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The value of investments and any income will fluctuate (this may partly be the result of exchange rate fluctuations) and investors may not get back the full amount invested.
Many senior loans are illiquid, meaning that the investors may not be able to sell them quickly at a fair price and/or that the redemptions may be delayed due to illiquidity of the senior loans. The market for illiquid securities is more volatile than the market for liquid securities. The market for senior loans could be disrupted in the event of an economic downturn or a substantial increase or decrease in interest rates. Senior loans, like most other debt obligations, are subject to the risk of default. The market for senior loans remains less developed in Europe than in the U.S.
Alternative investment products, including private equity, may involve a higher degree of risk, may engage in leveraging and other speculative investment practices that may increase the risk of investment loss, can be highly illiquid, may not be required to provide periodic pricing or valuation information to investors, may involve complex tax structures and delays in distributing important tax information, are not subject to the same regulatory requirements as mutual portfolios, often charge higher fees which may offset any trading profits, and in many cases the underlying investments are not transparent and are known only to the investment manager. There is often no secondary market for private equity interests, and none is expected to develop. There may be restrictions on transferring interests in such investments.
All data provided by Invesco unless otherwise noted. All data as at 30 June 2024, unless otherwise noted.
Views and opinions are based on current market conditions and are subject to change.
This is marketing material and not financial advice. It is not intended as a recommendation to buy or sell any particular asset class, security or strategy. Regulatory requirements that require impartiality of investment/investment strategy recommendations are therefore not applicable nor are any prohibitions to trade before publication.
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